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  5. Peptide Fundamentals

Cluster 01

Research Peptide Fundamentals

Core reference material on peptide purity, salt form, synthesis route, documentation, and storage — the background needed to read a Certificate of Analysis and plan reproducible in-vitro work.

Articles in this cluster

Technical Guide

What Are Research Peptides? A Technical Guide to Peptide Identity, Purity & Quality

Research peptides are peptide materials supplied for laboratory research rather than clinical use. This technical guide explains peptide identity, purity, peptide content, impurities, analytical testing, and how to read a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis.

September 8, 202616 min read
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Research

Purity Standards: Why 99% HPLC Doesn't Tell the Whole Story of Quality

HPLC purity is only one dimension of a research compound's true quality. Understanding what a 99% number does — and doesn't — represent is essential for reproducible science.

July 29, 202610 min read
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Technical Guide

How to Evaluate Peptide Purity, Identity, Microbial Quality, and Trace Contaminants

A technical guide to reading research peptide analytical data: RP-HPLC purity, LC-MS identity confirmation, USP <61>/<62>/<71> microbial standards, GC-MS residual solvents, and ICP-OES elemental impurity screening.

September 2, 202614 min read
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Research

Acetate vs. TFA Peptide Salts: A Critical Review of Stability and Research Considerations

This review examines how acetate and trifluoroacetate (TFA) salt forms can influence peptide stability, analytical characterization, reconstitution properties, and assay behavior. It also explains why salt form alone cannot predict shelf-life and why peptide-specific stability data, counterion analysis, moisture content, and formulation conditions should guide research decisions.

August 12, 202613 min read
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Research

Solid-Phase vs. Liquid-Phase Peptide Synthesis 2026

This article explores the key differences between solid-phase and liquid-phase peptide synthesis, highlighting their unique advantages and applicability in peptide manufacturing. It also discusses emerging techniques and the future of peptide therapeutics in various medical fields.

July 31, 202615 min read
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Peptide Science

Bacteriostatic Water in Peptide Research: Composition, Quality, and Compatibility

This guide explores the importance of Bacteriostatic water in peptide research. It details how the quality of water affects reconstitution, sample stability, and contamination risks, emphasizing the significance of using verified BAC water over regular water.

July 31, 20267 min read
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Research

Peptide Research in 2026: Quality, Stability, and Emerging Scientific Developments

An analytical review of how peptide research is evolving through 2026: purity benchmarks, stability and storage data, lot documentation expectations, and the shift from single-receptor to multi-receptor peptide platforms.

July 31, 20267 min read
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Peptide Science

Salicylic Acid–Peptide Compatibility: Stability and Formulation Considerations

A technical review of formulation compatibility and peptide stability under acidic conditions: pH-driven degradation pathways, chelation effects on copper peptides, and the RP-HPLC and LC-MS methods used to verify compatibility in vitro.

August 3, 202623 min read
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Handling

How to Store Research Peptides: Temperature, Refrigeration, and Stability

Do research peptides need to be refrigerated? A technical reference on lyophilized and reconstituted peptide storage temperatures, light and moisture control, aliquoting, and freeze-thaw stability for laboratory work.

September 9, 20269 min read
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Handling

How to Reconstitute Research Peptides: Solvent Selection, Volume, and Handling

A laboratory reference on reconstituting lyophilized research peptides: solvent selection, bacteriostatic versus sterile water, concentration arithmetic, solubility troubleshooting, and documentation.

September 9, 20269 min read
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Technical Guide

How to Read a Peptide COA: Purity Testing, HPLC & Mass Spectrometry

Learn how to evaluate a peptide Certificate of Analysis by checking batch traceability, RP-HPLC purity, mass-spectrometry identity, peptide content, water, counterions, and supporting data.

September 14, 202612 min read
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Analytical Guide

Peptide Purity Explained: How to Read HPLC Purity Results

Learn what a 99% peptide purity result means, how RP-HPLC area purity is calculated, and why purity, identity, and peptide content require separate evidence.

September 18, 202611 min read
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Analytical Guide

Peptide Identity vs Purity: What HPLC and LC-MS Actually Tell You

Understand how HPLC purity, LC-MS identity evidence, and quantitative peptide content answer different analytical questions.

September 28, 202610 min read
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Analytical Guide

Peptide-Related Impurities: Formation, Detection and Interpretation

A researcher's guide to sequence variants, oxidation, stereochemical impurities, co-elution, and the complementary methods used to investigate them.

October 2, 202612 min read
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Topics in preparation

Planned additions to this cluster. Contact our team if you need any of this documentation ahead of publication.

  • Peptide Storage and Reconstitution Practice

    Lyophilised storage temperatures, light and moisture control, reconstitution solvents, aliquoting, and freeze-thaw effects for in-vitro work.

  • Peptide Stability: Degradation Pathways and Study Design

    Hydrolysis, deamidation, oxidation, and aggregation, with stability-indicating method requirements and time-point sampling design.

Other clusters

Analytical MethodsCompound ResearchCertificate of Analysis libraryResearch peptide catalog